13.（2015年，湖南卷）
WalkOutoftheComfortZoneandTryNewThings
Formosthighschoolstudents,freeperiodsareuseless.FromwhatIhaveseen,fewdohomework,insteadmanyareontheirphonesandtalking,makingitimpossibleforthosewhoactuallywanttodoworktocompleteany.Asaseniornextyear,Ithinkextraperiodsshouldbeusedtotakeoptionalsubjects.
Ourschooloffersmanyclasses.Nowisthetimetoexperimentindifferentfieldsofstudy.Wewillneverknowifweareinterestedortalentedinasubjectifwedon'ttryit.
Inmy8thgrade,IwastoldthatIhadtotakeanartclassasagraduationrequirement;sointhe9thgradeItookStudioandArt.Oneoftheprojectswastobuildaclaypot,butIbuiltmineincorrectly,soitbrokeinthekiln(窑).IfoundoutthatIhavenoartisticabilityatall,andnowIknowforsurethatIdonotwanttobeanartist.However,theclasswasoneofmyfavoritesthatyear.Iwasabletotrynewactivitiesandtestmyability.
Walkoutofourcomfortzoneandtrynewthings!Collegeiswhenweshouldfocusonaspecificmajor,buthighschooliswhenwehavetofigureitout.
Halfofallcollegestudentschangetheirmajoratsomepoint.Bydoingthathundredsofdollarsarewastedonclassesthattheywouldhaveneverneededtotake.Souseourextraperiodstofindoutwhatwewanttodoincollege.Theclasseswechoosecanimpactusinfuture.Takingoptionalsubjectswillenrichourmind.Itwillalsoshowcollegeswearediversestudents.
59.Howshouldweuseourextraperiodsintheauthor'sopinion?
(Nomorethan9words)(2marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
60.Whydoestheauthorthinkweshouldexperimentindifferentfieldsofstudy?
(Nomorethan17words)(2marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
61.Whydidtheclaypotshowtheauthor'slackofartisticability?
(Nomorethan10words)(3marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
62.Accordingtotheauthor,howwilltakingoptionalsubjectsimpactupinthefuture?
(Nomorethan13words)(3marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
59.Weshouldusethemtotakeoptionalsubjects.
60.Wewillneverknowifweareinterestedortalentedinasubjectwithouttryingit.
61.Itwasbuiltincorrectlyandbrokeinthekiln.
62.Itwillenrichourmindandshowcollegeswearediversestudents.
【解析】本文讲述了作为一个学生我们应该不断地去尝试新的内容来丰富我们的大脑，增长经验
59.Weshouldusethemtotakeoptionalsubjects.根据第一段最后一句话：Asaseniornextyear,Ithinkextraperiodsshouldbeusedtotakeoptionalsubjects.可知作者认为应该用课外时间去学一些课外的科目。故填Weshouldusethemtotakeoptionalsubjects.
60.Wewillneverknowifweareinterestedortalentedinasubjectifwedon’ttryit.根据第二段倒数第一句话和倒数第二句话：Nowisthetimetoexperimentindifferentfieldsofstudy.Wewillneverknowifweareinterestedortalentedinasubjectwithouttryingit.可知道答案，又因为字数有限，所以将wedon’ttryit改成withouttryingit.故填Wewillneverknowifweareinterestedortalentedinasubjectifwedon’ttryit.
61.Itwasbuiltincorrectlyandbrokeinthekiln.根据第三段第二句话：Oneoftheprojectsweretobuildaclaypot,butIbuiltmineincorrectlysoitbrokeinthekiln.可知作者因为做错了陶罐导致它摔碎，从而得知自己没有艺术家的天分。故填Itwasbuiltincorrectlyandbrokeinthekiln.
62.Itwillenrichourmindandshowcollegeswearediversestudents.根据最后一段的倒数两句话：Theclasswechoosecanimpactusinthefuture.Takingoptionalsubjectstwillenrichourmind.Itwillalsoshowcollegeswearediversestudents.可知去学选修课可以丰富我们的大脑，让我们成为一个多才多艺的大学生。故填Itwillenrichourmindandshowcollegeswearediversestudents.
14.（2014年，天津卷）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
LastDecember,DorisLowturned90.OnceaweekshestilldrivestotheCanadianNationalInstitutefortheBlind(CNIB)inToronto,whereshehelpstransformliteratureintoBraille()tobringthepowerofstoryandknowledgetothehearsandmindsofblindreaders.Shehasbeenvolunteeringhertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesfoemorethan40years.
Afterworkinginthebusinessworldforawhile,Lowgotfedup.Sosheturnedtoteachingatatechnicalschoolandlatermovedintothelibrary.
Low’smotherlikedreading.Ashereyesbegantofail,lowreadtoher.Then“hearinganadvertisementencouragingpeopletolearnBraille,Idecidedtogiveitatry.”In1973,shewascertifiedasabrailletranscriber(转译者)andbegantranscribingbooksasavolunteerfortheCNIBlibrary.
Thejobwas_____---shecouldgettotheendofapage,makeamistakeonthelastline,andhavetodothewholethingagain.Foranumberofyears,lowalsoworkedintheCNIBsoundstudioreadingbooksontotape.Threeyearsago,shetookupproofreading(校对)attheCNIB’swordfactory.
InApril,duringVolunteerWeek,theCNIBrecognizedLowforhergreatcontributions.ThankstovolunteerslikeLow,theCNIBlibraryhasgotmorethan80,000accessiblematerialsforpeopleunabletoreadtraditionalprint.“Ican’timaginehowmanyreadersofallageshavebenefitedfrom
Doris’scontributionasaskilledvolunteerthroughherrichvoiceandherhighdegreeofaccuracyinthehundredsofbooksshehasbrailledandproofreadovertheyears---andsheisstilldoingso,”saidaCNIBofficial.
“Forme,”saidLow,“theCNIBismorethanjustaplacetovolunteer.Threethinsmattermostinmylife:alittleplay,alittlework,alittlelove.I’vefoundthemallhere.”
63.64.WhatdoesLowstilldoattheageof90attheCNIB?(nomorethan10words)
65.66.WhydidLowlearnBraille?(nomorethan15words)
67.68.whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”mostprobablymean?(1word)
69.70.WhatareLow’scontributionstotheCNIB?(nomorethan10words)
71.72.WhatdoyouthinkofLow?Giveyourreasons.(nomorethan20words)
【答案】
63.64.ShehelpstransformliteratureintoBraille(forblindreaders/theblind).
65.66.(Because)hermother’seyesbegantofailandsheheardan/theadvertisement.
67.68.Difficult/Hard/tiring/tough.
69.70.Shehasbrailledandproofreadhundredsofbooks,andreadbooksintoontotape.
71.72.LowiskindandhelpfulbecauseshehasdevotedmuchtimetotranscribingbooksintoBrailleasavolunteer.
Or:Lowiskind-heartedladywithapositiveattitudetowardlifebecauseshetakesdelightinhelpingothers.
【解析】DorisLow到去年12月份就90岁了。但是她从事志愿者活动已经有40年了。她的工作是把故事和知识传播给盲人读者通过把文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文。有时还要读录成磁带。三年前她又从事校对工作。这个工作很辛苦，但是她喜欢。
63.64.根据文章第一段第二句话可知，Low现在90岁仍然在CNIB从事帮助把文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文的工作。所以回答ShehelpstransformliteratureintoBraille(forblindreaders/theblind).
65.66.根据文章第三段可知，因为她的妈妈喜欢阅读，但是她的视力变差了，而她也听到了一则鼓励人们学习布莱叶盲文的广告。所以回答(Because)hermother’seyesbegantofailandsheheardan/theadvertisement.
67.68.第四段开头，破折号是对画线的词strenuous的解释，都做到最后了，因为一个错误就必须重新做。所以strenuous的同义词是Difficult/Hard/tiring/tough.（很累、很难。）
69.70.第五段介绍了Low对CNIB的贡献：把很多书翻译成了布莱叶盲文、校对了数百本书籍还读书录成磁带。所以回答Shehasbrailledandproofreadhundredsofbooks,andreadbooksintoontotape.
71.72.Low是一个善良的人，她帮助盲人读书。所以回答LowiskindandhelpfulbecauseshehasdevotedmuchtimetotranscribingbooksintoBrailleasavolunteer.
Or:Lowiskind-heartedladywithapositiveattitudetowardlifebecauseshetakesdelightinhelpingothers.
15.（2014年，四川卷）
Whenmyfatherwascelebratingamilestone(里程碑)birthday,Ipulledtogetherasurprisegiftthathewouldneverforget.
Ashewasapproaching60,1hadafirmidea:WhatifIcouldgetthememoriespeoplehadofhim,puteachoneintoanenvelope-60intotal-andhavehimopenthem,onebyone,onhisbirthday?SoIwroteane-mailtofamilyandfriends,explainingmyidea.
Isentthee-mailandwaited.AndthentherepliesstartedcominginandIwasvery,verysurprised.Thereweresomanymemories,andtheywereallsolovely.Theycamefromthe'50s,'60s,'70s,fromeverydecade（十年）betweennowandthedaymydadwasborn.Theycamefrommymother,mysiblings,mygrandma,mydad'sfriendsfromhighschool,hissister,mydad'sfirstboss,acolleagueathisfirstjob,frompeoplewhohadn'tseenmydadin40years,frompeopleImyselfhadn'teveninformed.Theytypedthemandhandwrotethem.Theymailedthemande-mailedthem.
ThenightbeforeDad'sbirthday,mysisterand1stayeduplate,puttingeverythingtogetherwithsome
Thenextmorning,afterbreakfastandpresentsandcake,wegavethepileofenvelopestohim."Justonemorethingforyou,"wesaid.
Ittookhimalongtimetoopenthemandread.Eachonewasabrieftickettoanothertime,aleap(跳跃)backwardoveryearsanddecades.Therewasalotoflaughterandafewtears,too.
Iwaskindofsadwhentheprojectwasoverbecauseitwasgreatfuntocollectthesememories.Itgavemeadifferentpictureofmydad.
73.Whendidtheauthorgiveherfatherasurprisegift?(nomorethan4words)
74.Whosentthemails?(nomorethan6words)
75.Whydidtheauthorandhersisterstayuplatethenightbeforetheirfather'sbirthday?(nomorethan9words)
76.Howdidtheauthor'sfathermostprobablyfeelwhenheread(hemails?(nomorethan3words)
77.Whatwasthesurprisegift?(nomorethan6words)
【答案】
73.Onhis60thbirthday.
74.Thepeoplewhoknow/knewherfather.
75.Becausetheyneededtoputthemailsintoenvelopes.
76.Hefelt/wasmoved/excited/happy.
77.Thememoriesabout/oftheauthor’sfather.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了她在父亲60岁生日时是如何给父亲送上一份特别的生日礼物的故事。在父亲生日前她突然有了一个主意，就是给父亲收集60个熟悉他的人对过去事情的美好回忆，然后放到信封里，去给父亲一个惊喜。然后她真地实践了自己的想法，成功地收集到了那些美好的回忆，给父亲了一个难忘的生日礼物。
73.Onhis60thbirthday.考查细节理解。根据文章首段和第二段内容可知作者送给父亲特别的礼物是在他60岁生日那天，答案填Onhis60thbirthday
74.Thepeoplewhoknow/knewherfather.考查细节理解。从文章第三段内容Theycamefrommymother,……acolleagueathisfirstjob,frompeoplewhohadn'tseenmydadin40years,frompeopleImyselfhadn'teveninformed.可知父亲的亲戚，朋友，家人和一切认识他的人寄来了信或者发来email，故答案为Thepeoplewhoknow/knewherfather。
75.Becausetheyneededtoputthemailsintoenvelopes.考查细节理解。由文章第四段mysisterand1stayeduplate,puttingeverythingtogetherwithsome可知他们晚上熬夜要把信装进信封，答案为Becausetheyneededtoputthemailsintoenvelopes。
76.Hefelt/wasmoved/excited/happy.考查推理判断。从文章倒数第二段therewasalotoflaughterandafewtears,too判断父亲非常激动。答案填Hefelt/wasmoved/excited/happy。
77.Thememoriesabout/oftheauthor’sfather.考查细节理解。从文章内容可知作者给父亲的礼物是别人有关父亲的回忆，答案为Thememoriesabout/oftheauthor’sfather。
16.（2014年，上海卷）
Moreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR).CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers.Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.Companiestypicallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomecompanies,shareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduse,andemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks.
Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackfortheirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSR,whichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980s,withenvironmentaldisasterssuchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspill,industryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation.
So,companiesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theytalktonon-governmentalorganisations(NGOs)andtogovernments,createcodesofconduct（行为准则)anddevotethemselvestomoretransparency（透明）intheiroperations.Increasingly,too.they,alongwiththeircompetitors,setcommonrulestospreadrisks.
Allthisislargelydefensive,buttherearealsoopportunitiesforthosethatgetaheadofthegame.TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.Ifapproachedinastrategicway,CSRcouldbecomepartofacompany'scompetitiveadvantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaof"doingwellbydoinggood"hasbecomepopular.
Nevertheless,thebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformance?ShouldyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompetitors?Isthereanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy?
Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.Donebadly,CSRisoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewell,though,itisnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoontheside,acornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue（美德）：itisjustgoodbusiness.
(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS)
78.Both_________insomecompaniesfinditnolongerenoughtosimplydonatemoneytocharities.
79.Giveoneexampleofthedefensivemeasuresofriskmanagementaccordingtothepassage.
80.Withtheemphasisonopportunity,thethirdlayerofCSRismeantto_________.
81.Accordingtothepassage,"goodbusiness"(paragraph6)meansthatcorporations________whilemakingprofits.
【答案】
78.Shareholdersandemployees
79.Companiestalktonon-governmentorganizations(NGOs)andtogovernments./Companiescreatecodesofconduct./Companiesdevotethemselvestomoretransparencyintheiroperations./Companiessetcommonruleswiththeircompetitorstospreadrisks.
80.Createvalue
81.takesocialresponsibilities
【解析】文章介绍现在很多公司管理的CSR的三层管理，旨在创办一个既能盈利又有社会责任的公司。
78.细节题：根据文章第一段的最后的句子：Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomecompanies,shareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduse,andemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks.可知股份持有者和职员发现只是简单的将钱捐给慈善机关是不够的，所以填Shareholdersandemployees。
79.细节题：根据第三段的内容：可知公司会采取下列防御措施应对危机：和非政府组织和政府谈话：Companiestalktonon-governmentorganizations(NGOs)andtogovernments./公司创造行为准则：Companiescreatecodesofconduct./公司在经营的时候更加透明：Companiesdevotethemselvestomoretransparencyintheiroperations./公司和竞争者一起设置共同的规定。Companiessetcommonruleswiththeircompetitorstospreadrisks.
80.细节题：根据第四段的句子，TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.可知第三层的管理CSR是强调机遇，旨在创造价值，所以填Createvalue。
81.推理题：根据第六段的前面两句话，Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.可知好的公司既要能盈利也要有社会责任。填takesocialresponsibilities
17.（2014年，山东卷）
阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[1]Nowadaysthecostofanewcarhasfalleninrealtermssothatitischeaperthanevertoownone,andbetterroadconditionshavealsoattractedmoredrivers.Theresultisovercrowdingontheroadsystem,whichisoneoftheproblemsthelocalgovernmentsarefacedwith.
[2]Whenpeopletraveltoothertowns,theproblemmightberelievedbygettingthemtoparkoutsidethetown.Busescouldbeprovidedtotakethemintothecentre.TheseParkandRideprojectsareincreasinglypopularintheUK.AtSoutherton,forexample,acouncil-fundedprojectledtoa15%dropincitycentretrafficoverfivemonths.
[3]Whatthecouncilfound,though,wasthattheprojectprovedsomewhatunpopularwithshopownersintheareaoutsidethecentre.Manyoftheirshopsreliedonpassingcardriversforsomeoftheirtrade.Asthenumberofpeopledrivingpastdropped,sodidtheirincomes.
[4]Makingcardrivingexpensiveisanotherwayof____________.Roadtaxestendtomeanthatpeopleusetheircarsless.Finingdriverswhoareinareaswherecarshavebeenbannedcanalsotendtoencouragethemtoleavetheircarsbehind.
[5]However,onethinghastobegotrightforanysolutiontosucceed.Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.Constantdelays,unannouncedchangestothetimetableandsuddencancellationsalldiscouragepeoplefromusingpublictransport.Peoplewillonlyseeitasarealchoiceifthebusesandtrainsareontime.
82.WhatcausesovercrowdingontheroadsystemaccordingtoParagraph1?(nomorethan12words)
___________________________________________________________________________
83.WhatshouldpeopledowhentravelingtoothertownsaccordingtotheParkandRideprojects?(nomorethan10words)
___________________________________________________________________________
84.Whyweresomeshopownersunhappyabouttheproject?(nomorethan10words)
___________________________________________________________________________
85.FillintheblankinParagraph4.(nomorethan8words)
___________________________________________________________________________
86.WhyarepeopleunwillingtousepublictransportaccordingtoParagraph5?(nomorethan8words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
82.Thereduced/loweredcostofanewcarandbetterroadconditions
83.Theyshouldparkoutsidethetown,andtakethebustothecentre.
84.Theirincomesdroppedbecausefewerpeopledrovepast.
85.encouragingpeopletousepublictransportmore
encouragingpeopletousetheircarsless
relievingtheproblem(ofovercrowding)
86.Becausepublictransportisnotreliable/satisfactory.
【解析】随着汽车价格的逐渐下降，公路状况越来越好，路上的汽车也就越来越多了。结果就使得公路严重拥挤。本文就解决道路拥挤问题提出建议，如何才能让司机放弃开车选择公交。
82.根据第一段句子“…thecostofanewcarhadfallen…”和“…betterroadconditionshavealsoattractedmoredrivers.”可以写出答案为：Thereduced/loweredcostofanewcarandbetterroadconditions
83.根据第二段句子“…theproblemmightberelievedbygettingthemtoparkoutsidethetown…takethemtothecenter…”可以写出答案Theyshouldparkoutsidethetown,andtakethebustothecentre.
84.根据第三段最后一句“Asthenumberofpeople…sodidtheirincomes.”可知，开车经过商场的人少了，商店的收入也就会随着减少。所以答案为Theirincomesdroppedbecausefewerpeopledrovepast.
85.根据第四段空格所载的句子“使开车费用增加也是一种方法”说明上文已经提到了解决什么问题的方法。根据第二段开头句子“Whenpeople...theproblemmightberelievedofgettingthemtoparkoutsidethetown.”可知，使开车的费用增加也是一种减轻交通拥挤问题的方法。因此可以写出答案relievingtheproblem(ofovercrowding)。根据下文提到“roadtaxes”和“findingdrivers”等两项费用问题可以促使更多的司机不开车，所以这也是一种鼓励司机不开车乘公交车的一种方法。因此可以写出答案encouragingpeopletousepublictransportmore或encouragingpeopletousetheircarsless
86.根据最后一段句子“Ifweexpect...relyon”说明，我们想让人们放弃开车的想法必须给他们值得信赖的选择。接着后面列举了一些公交车的弊端，比如耽搁时间，随意更换时间，突然取消等等问题都不能让人们真正信赖公交。所以可以总结出答案Becausepublictransportisnotreliable/satisfactory.
18.（2014年，江西卷）
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写在试卷相应的位置(请注意每题的词数要求)。
（1）Asafariparkisaparkinwhichwildanimalsarekept.TheyaremainlylocatedineastorcentralAfrica.Theyoftenoccupyaverywildarea,withmountainsandrivers.Tovisittheparkandlookattheanimals,peoplehavetodrivearoundinacarforafewofhoursbecausetheparkishuge.
（2）InsouthAfricathereisasafaripark,whichcontainsallsortsofwildanimalslikelions,elephants,rhinoceroses(犀牛),zebras,wildpigs,deerandgiraffes.
（3）Thereisawildroadleadingthroughthepark,butnobodyispermittedtowalkontheroad.Anyonetravelingintheparkhastogoinacarbecausewildanimalsmayfiercelyattackpeople.FromthecarhemayseealmosteverytypesofAfricanwildlife.Someofthesearegettingscarce(稀有的)becausepeoplekillthemforvariousreasons.Forexample,rhinocerosesarekilledfortheirhorns(角),whichareusedintraditionalChinesemedicinesforcoldsandheadaches.Perhapstheywillbeseenonlyinmuseumsandbooksoneday.
（4）Travelsmaybuyfoodfortheanimals.Theycanfeedthemwhentheytourthepark.Ofcourse,theyshouldnotfeedtheminaclosedistancebecausethewildanimalsmayattackpeople.Inaddition,theyshouldonlygiveproperfoodtotheanimals.
（5）Atravelermaycarryagunwithhiminhisjourney.Thegunisgiventohimbythegovernment.However,itisnotusedforhunting.Infact,aseal(封条)isfixedtoit.Thetravelermayfireatawildbeasttodefendhimselfincaseheisattacked.However,hehastoprovetothegovernmentthathehasbeenattackedandthathehasnotfiredataharmlessanimal.
87.Listoneofthereasonswhytravelershavetostayinacarduringtheirvisit.（nomorethan6words）
_____________________________________________________________________
88.Whyarerhinocerosesgettingscarce?（nomorethan7words）
_____________________________________________________________________
89.Whatwarningaregiventotravelerswhentheyfeedtheanimals?（nomorethan15words）
_____________________________________________________________________
90.Howdoesthegovernmentknowthegunisfired?（nomorethan10words）
_____________________________________________________________________
91.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（nomorethan6words）_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
87.Theparkishuge.或Animalsmayattackpeople.
88.Peoplekilledthemfortheirhorns.
89.Stayingawayfromtheanimalsandgivingthemproperfood.
90.Bycheckingtheirseal
91.AsafariparkinSouthAfrica
【解析】本文属于广告类阅读，主要讲述的是在南非的asafaripark游览的注意事项。
87.Theparkishuge或Animalsmayattackpeople
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Tovisittheparkandlookattheanimals,peoplehavetodrivearound-inacarforafewofhoursbecausetheparkishuge和第三段第2句Anyonetravelingintheparkhastogoinacarbecausewildanimalsmayfiercelyattackpeople.可知，公园很大，以及动物可能会攻击人类这两个原因导致人们不得不坐在车里游览这个公园。
88.Peoplekillthemfortheirhorns
细节理解题。根据文章第三段3,4行Forexample,rhinocerosesarekilledfortheirhorns(角),whichareusedintraditionalChinesemedicinesforcoldsandheadaches可知，犀牛被猎杀是因为人们需要它的角。
89.Stayingawayfromtheanimalsandgivingthemproperfood.
细节理解题。根据第四段2,3句Ofcourse,theyshouldnotfeedtheminaclosedistancebecausethewildanimalsmayattackpeople.Inaddition,theyshouldonlygiveproperfoodtotheanimals.可知，要在一个安全的距离喂食，另外要喂适当的食物。
90.Bycheckingtheseal
细节理解题。根据第五段2,3句However,itisnotusedforhunting.Infact,asealisfixedtoit.可知，政府会通过seal来看你是否开枪射击。
91.AsafariparkinSouthAfrica
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是在南非的asafaripark游览的注意事项。
19.（2012年，上海卷）
Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Whilecontactbetweenadolescents(betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen)andtheirpeers(同龄人)isauniversalcharacteristicofallcultures,thenatureandthedegreeofsuchcontactvaryagreatdeal.InAmericancontemporarysociety,adolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenoradults.
Thispatternofagesegregation(隔离)inAmericansocietydidnotbecomeusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkplaceseparatedchildrenfromadults,withadultsworkingandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury,whichresultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithyoungerchildren.Finally,thechangesinpopulationareconsideredafactorthatmayhavecontributedtotheemergenceofadolescentpeerculture.From1955t01975,theadolescentpopulationincreaseddramatically,from11percentt020.9percent.Thisincreaseinthenumberofadolescentsmightbeacontributingfactortotheincreaseinadolescentpeercultureintermsofgrowthinsize.
Researchsupportstheviewthatadolescentsspendagreatdealoftimewiththeirpeers.ReedLarsonandhiscolleaguesexaminedadolescents'dailyactivitiesandfoundthattheyspendmoretimetalkingtotheirfriendsthanengaginginanyotheractivity.Inatypicalweek,highschoolstudentswillspendtwiceasmuchtimewiththeirpeersaswithadults.Thisgradualwithdrawalfromadultsbeginsinearlyadolescence.Insixthgrade,adults(excludingparents)accountforonly25percentofadolescentsocialnetworks.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofadolescentpeercultureisitsincreasinglyautonomous(白治的)function.Whilechildhoodpeergroupsareconductedundertheclosesupervisionofparents,adolescentpeergroupstypicallymakeanefforttoescapeadultsupervisionandusuallysucceedindoingso.
(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)
92."Thispatternofagesegregation"referstothephenomenonthatadolescentssegregatethemselvesfrom
93.Besideschangesintheworkplace,aretheothertwofactorscontributingtoadolescentpeerculture.
94.Whendoadolescentsstarttospendlesstimewithadults?
95.Howdoadolescentpeergroupsdifferfromchildhoodpeergroups?
【答案】
92.youngerchildrenandadults
93.schoolreformeffortsandthechangesinpopulation
94.Inearlyadolescence
95.Theyhavelessclosesupervisionofparents./Theymanagetoescapeadultsupervision./Theyareincreasinglyautonomous
【解析】
92.根据Changesintheworkplaceseparatedchildrenfromadults和whichresultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithyoungerchildren可推断应填youngerchildrenandadults。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
93.根据Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury和thechangesinpopulationareconsideredafactor可推断应填schoolreformeffortsandthechangesinpopulation。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
94.根据Thisgradualwithdrawalfromadultsbeginsinearlyadolescence可推断应填Inearlyadolescence。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
95.根据adolescentpeergroupstypicallymakeanefforttoescapeadultsupervision可推断应填Theyhavelessclosesupervisionofparents./Theymanagetoescapeadultsupervision./Theyareincreasinglyautonomous。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
20.（2012年，山东卷）
[1]AshleyPower’smotherboughtacomputerforherwhenshewaseight.Whenshewasthirteen,shewassurfingtheInternetregularly,butshecouldn’tfindanywhereforteenagerstomeetandtalk.Andonedayshethought,“IfIhadmyownwebsite,I’dmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers.”
[2]So,whenAshleywassixteen,shelaunchedherownwebsite,calledGoosehead.Shehadnoideahowbigasuccessitwouldbe,butthreeyearslater,thesitewasthemostsuccessfulteensiteintheUSA!Itwasgetting100,000hitseveryday,andAshleyhadabout30employees.
[3]Afterafewyears,thewebsitecloseddown.ThenAshley,wholivesinLosAngeles,wasaskedtowriteabookcalledTheGooseheadGuidetoLife.Thebookisabouthowtodesignawebsiteandstartabusiness.Itbeginswithasectioncalled“AllAboutAshley,”whereAshleytellsreaderswhatitisliketobethebossofacompanywhenyouareonlysixteen.“Iwassohappy.Butitwascrazyinalotofways.Igotverystressed.Imean,Iwasonlysixteen—Ididn’tevenhaveacar!Ifyouweresixteenandyouhadyourowncompany,you’dbestressed,too！“
[4]InaninterviewAshleygaveadvicetoteenagerswhowantedtostarttheirownbusiness,“Justbestrongandhaveyourdreamsandworkhardatthem.Anddon’tlistenwhen_______,becauseIheard‘no’alot.Justkeepgoinguntilyouhear‘yes’!”
96.ForwhatpurposedidAshleycreateGoosehead?(nomorethan10words)
___________________________________________________________________________
97.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2？（nomorethan6words）
___________________________________________________________________________
98.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatdidAshleydoafterGoosheadcloseddown?(nomorethan10words)
___________________________________________________________________________
99.HowdidAshleyfeelasayoungbossofacompany?(nomorethan5words)
___________________________________________________________________________
100.FillintheblankinParagraph4withproperwords.
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
96.Tocreateaplaceforteenagerstomeetandtalk.
97.Power’swebsitebecameasuccess.
98.Hewroteabook.
99.Happy,crazyandstressed.
100.otherssaysomething/othersgiveyouadvice/peopletalkaboutyou
【解析】文章讲述了AshleyPower的故事，她从16岁就创办了网站，并且非常成功，从中得到启示，我们要持续坚持做自己想做的事。
96.细节题;从“If第一段的句子：Ihadmyownwebsite,I’dmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers.”可知答案是Shewantedtocreateaninterestingwebsiteforteenagers.
97.段落大意题;从第二段的句子;butthreeyearslater,thesitewasthemostsuccessfulteensiteintheUSA可知答案是：Power’swebsitebecameasuccess.
98.细节题;从第三段的句子：wasaskedtowriteabookcalledTheGooseheadGuidetoLife.说明是Shewroteabook.
99.细节题：第三段中出现的Iwassohappy.和Igotverystressed.可知答案是Shefelthappybutstressed.
100.推理题：从句子：Iheard‘no’可知人们经常会说你不能做：peopletellyouthatyoucannotdoit
21.（2012年，湖南卷）
Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.
Awiseteacheroncetoldmethateveryteenagerneedstoexperienceanot-so-funfirstjobfromworkingatagrocerystoretothefastfoodindustry.
NowIstillremembermyfirstdayatafastfoodrestaurantthreeyearsago.Iwantedtosaveupmoneyandbuymyowncar,soIappliedeverywhereIcouldthatsummer.TherestaurantcalledmerightawayandIthoughttomyself,thisisgoingtobeeasy.Withinfourhoursofmyfirstshift(.轮班)，IhadangrycustomerswhocomplainedhowslowIwas.Iwatchedinfearasakidspilledhismilkeverywhere,andIheardthewordsthatno16-year-oldboyoranyoneforthatmatterwantstohear:"Mike,there'saprobleminthemen'sbathroomandyoumightwantglovesforthisone."Irealizedrightawaythatworkingattherestaurantwasnotgoingtobeapicnic.Themanagerexpectedacleanenvironmentand,particularly,fastservicewithafriendlysmile.
OverthreeyearslaterIstillworkatthatrestaurantwheneverIgohomeduringvacations.Ilovemyco-workersthereandallthecustomersknowwhoIam.Everymorningthesameseniorcitizenscomeinandgettheirmorningcoffees.Theychatwithusworkersandjokearound.Oursmileshavejustasmuchtodowiththemmakingusapartoftheireverydaylivesasthecoffeedoes.
Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkanddevotion.Ialsolearnedstayingpositivenomatterhowroughthingsseemtoget.IwillforevercarrytheexperiencethatIgainedattherestaurantwithmeasIgoforwardinmylife.
101.Whydidtheauthorapplyeverywherethatsummer?
(Nomorethan12words)(2marks)
102.Whatdidthemanagerparticularlyexpecttheworkerstodo?
(Nomorethan14words)(3marks)
103.Whydoestheauthorstillworkattherestaurantduringvacations?
(Nomorethan13words)(2marks)
104.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisfirstjob?
(Nomorethan11words)(3marks)
【答案】
101.Whydidtheauthorapplyeverywherethatsummer?(Nomorethan12words)(2marks)
102.Whatdidthemanagerparticularlyexpecttheworkertodo?(Nomorethan14words)(3marks)
103.Whydoestheauthorstillworkattherestaurantduringvacations?(Nomorethan13words)(2marks)
104.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisfirstjob?(Nomorethan11words)(3marks)
【解析】文章是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在餐厅打工的经历，选材贴近学生日常生活，难度适中。
101.首先根据applyeverywhere定位到文章第二段第二行soIappliedeverywhereIcouldthatsummer，这一题的考点是why，即问applyeverywhere的原因，根据句中的so得出答案在本句的前半部分Iwantedtosaveupmoneyandbuymyowncar.答题时注意人称的变化改成Hewantedtosaveupmoneyandbuyhisowncar.
102.本题定位词particularlyexpect，位置在第二段最后一句Themanagerexpectedacleanenvironmentand,particularly,fastservicewithafriendlysmile.答案要写完整的句子Themangerparticularlyexpectedthemtoofferfastservicewithafriendlysmile.注意：这一题问manager期待worker做什么，而文中出现的是名词短语fastservice，所以要根据常识补充餐厅服务员是给客人提供服务(offerservice).
103.本题利用定位词stillwork定位到第四段第一句话OverthreeyearslaterIstillworkattherestaurantwheneverIgohomeduringvacations.后面一句即是解释原因Ilovemyco-workersthereandallthecustomersknowwhoIam.答案也参照第82题把人称修改Heloveshisco-workersandallthecustomersknowwhoheis.
104.本体是综合理解问作者从他的第一份工作中学到什么，根据记叙文意义升华在尾段，定位到最后一段，Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkanddevotion.Ialsolearnedstayingpositivenomatterhowroughthingsseemtoget.答案受字数限制需要合并句子，修改为Helearnedteamwork,devotion,andstayingpositiveinroughsituations.
22.（2012年，江西卷）
阅读下面短文并回答问题
[1]Stampcollectorsusuallycollectstampsonlyfromcertaincountriesorregions.Thetraditionalmethodofstampcollectingistoorganizestampcollectionaccordingtotheissuedates.
[2]Ofcourse,therearemany____________.Youcancollectstampsrelatingtoaparticulartheme.Forexample,sportloversmaychoosetheOlympictheme.TheytrytheirbesttofindOlympicstampsissuedbyvariouspartsoftheworldeveryfouryears.Someofthemmaywanttoconcentrateonevenmorespecificsportactivitieslikeballgames,gymnasium,swimming,etc.
[3]Ifyoulikeastronomy,youmaybekeenoncollectingstampsdescribingthestars,planets,spacecraft,spacemen,etc.onceyouhavefixedthetopic,younolongerneedtobotheraboutstampsotherthanthethemeyouselected.Then,youcanputallyourefforttocollectthestampsaroundit.
[4]Chinaissueszodiacanimalstamps(十二生肖邮票)everyyeartocelebratetheLunarNewYear.Theyareextremelypopularandalotofcollectorswaitpatientlyfor12yearstocollectafullsetofthem.HongKong’sLunarNewYearspecialstampseriesbeganin2000withtheYearofDragonandthetwelfthandfinalsetwasissuedin2011,theYearofRabbit.RecentlysomeWesterncountrieshaveissuedzodiacanimalstamps,whichattractalotofattentionaswell.
[5]Youmaychooseanythemeyoulike.However,youshouldbearinmindanessentialpoint.Thetopicyouchooseshouldnotbetoonarrow.Otherwise,itisverydifficulttoaccumulatestampsaroundthetopic.Youwillbedepressedandevenloseyourinterestincollectingstamps.
[6]Collectingstampswiththemesisespeciallypopularamongteenagersbecausethereisawiderangeofchoicesforthem.Themainchallengeishowyouorganizeandexpandyourcollectionaroundyourtheme.
105.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?（nomorethan5words）
___________________________________________________________________________
106.FillintheblanksinParagraph2withproperwords.（nomorethan5words）
Ofcourse,therearemany____________________________________________.
107.Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttocollectafullsetofzodiacanimalstamps?（nomorethan7words）
___________________________________________________________________________
108.Listthethreegeneralthemesincollectingstampsmentionedinthepassage.（3words）
___________________________________________________________________________
109.Whatdoestheword"them"（Line2,Paragraph6）probablyreferto?（1word）
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
105.Collectingstampswiththemes
106.othermethodsofcollectingstamps
107.Weshouldwaitfor12years.
108.sport(s)；astronomy；animal(s)
109.Teenages
【解析】集邮主题各不相同。除了地点，时间以外，还有运动，天文和十二生肖等。主题集邮尤受青少年喜爱。
105.文章前4段介绍集邮的不同主题；第5段讲主题集邮注意事项；最后一段交代主题集邮的最大困难。因此，根据结构可以得知整篇文章大意是和主题集邮（Collectingstampswiththemes）相关。
考点定位：考查整篇文章理解能力和把握全文结构的能力。
106.文章第一段介绍有按地点，时间为主题的集邮。第二段第二句以后是讲按运动为主题的集邮。第3,4段讲按天文和十二生肖为主题的集邮。因此该句可以看成第一段与2,3,4,段的段间过渡，也可以看成2.3.4段的中心句。因此，相对于第一段，这里当然是介绍othermethodsofcollectingstamps。
考点定位：考查识别文章结构和段间逻辑关系的能力。
107.该题是问为了收集全十二生肖的邮票我们该怎么办。首先可以把信息定位在第5段;然后找到该段的第二句（…andalotofcollectorswaitpatientlyfor12yearstocollectafullsetofthem.）;最后以答者的身份改变人称（they变为we）.即Weshouldwaitfor12years.
考点定位：考查文章细节理解和原文转述能力。
108.该题要考生列出文章提到的三个一般性集邮主题。全文讲到集邮主题有地点，时间，运动，天文和十二生肖等。但在2,3,4段中浓彩笔墨介绍了人们喜爱的运动，天文和十二生肖三个主题。所以答案为sport(s)；astronomy；animal(s)。
考点定位：考查文章结构把握和信息取舍的能力。
109.根据文章最后一段第一句“主题集邮尤其受青少年的欢迎。因为对于他们来说，有着广泛的可选择范围。”所以them是指人（Teenages）。
考查指代词在文章中的理解能力。
好了，关于2010高考英语和高考英语真题分项详解的问题到这里结束啦，希望可以解决您的问题哈！
